PROGRAM EVALUATION, 6th Edition helps readers learn how to evaluate services and programs that they will encounter in their professional practice. In the process of learning evaluation techniques and skills, readers will become proficient at critically analyzing evaluation studies conducted by others. The authors present and simplify all the essentials needed for a critical appreciation of evaluation issues and methodology. The book's clear writing style and clear presentation of concepts, as well as its' hands-on and applied focus, will guide readers on how to gather evidence and demonstrate that their interventions and programs are effective in improving clients' lives. This edition's up-to-date coverage includes a greater number of references to current literature, emphasizing that consulting the literature is an important step in recognizing, developing, and evaluating evidence-based practice or research-informed practice.
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| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Importance of Program Evaluation | p. 1 |
| What Is a Program? | p. 8 |
| Characteristics of "Good" Programs | p. 9 |
| Evidence-Based Practice | p. 12 |
| Program Evaluation Defined | p. 18 |
| Reasons Why Programs Are Evaluated | p. 19 |
| Motivations for Program Evaluation | p. 20 |
| Overcoming the Subjective Perspective | p. 24 |
| Philosophical Assumptions of Program Evaluation | p. 29 |
| More on Positivism | p. 33 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 36 |
| Ethical Issues in Program Evaluation | p. 41 |
| The Role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBS) | p. 42 |
| Ethical Guidelines | p. 42 |
| How Ethical Guidelines Get Operationalized | p. 47 |
| Research with Special Populations | p. 49 |
| Ethical Issues Pertaining to Diverse Cultures and Groups | p. 51 |
| Ethical Boundaries in Participatory and Action Research | p. 52 |
| The Practitioncr-Evaluator's Ethical Responsibilities | p. 56 |
| Concluding Thoughts on Ethics and Evaluation | p. 57 |
| Need Assessment | p. 63 |
| Types of Needs Assessment | p. 65 |
| How Does a Needs Assessment Start? | p. 68 |
| What Are the Steps Involved in Conducting a Needs Assessment? | p. 70 |
| How Do I Select a Needs Assessment Approach? | p. 71 |
| What Do I Need To Know About Surveys? | p. 78 |
| Special Considerations: Converging the Data | p. 81 |
| Thinking Creatively About Needs Assessment | p. 83 |
| What Is a Community Readiness Study? | p. 84 |
| Qualitative and Mixed Methods in Evaluation | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| What Is "Qualitative Evaluation"? | p. 94 |
| What Is "Mixed Methods Evaluation"? | p. 94 |
| When Is Qualitative Evaluation Useful? When Is Mixed Methods Evaluation the Right Choice? | p. 95 |
| Qualitative Methods and Evaluation of Practitioners In Situ | p. 98 |
| Qualitative Methods Commonly Used in Evaluation Research | p. 99 |
| Qualitative Evaluation | p. 99 |
| Designing a Mixed Methods Evaluation | p. 100 |
| Managing and Organizing Qualitative Data | p. 104 |
| Data Analysis | p. 105 |
| Mixed Methods Data Analysis and Integration | p. 107 |
| Quality Control | p. 108 |
| Writing the Report | p. 110 |
| Dissemination and Advocacy | p. 111 |
| Examples of Qualitative Evaluations | p. 113 |
| What Are Formative and Process Evaluation? | p. 121 |
| How Do I Develop a Logic Model? | p. 122 |
| A Realistic Scenario | p. 125 |
| Formative Evaluation | p. 125 |
| Conducting a Formative Evaluation | p. 126 |
| What Is Process Evaluation? | p. 129 |
| Process Evaluation: Program Description Function | p. 131 |
| Process Evaluation: Program Monitoring | p. 136 |
| Becoming a Program Monitor | p. 136 |
| Mission Statements, Goals, and Objectives | p. 138 |
| Writing Program Objectives | p. 141 |
| What Should Be Monitored? | p. 143 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 146 |
| Total Quality Management | p. 148 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 151 |
| Single System Research Designs | p. 155 |
| What Are Single System Research Designs? | p. 155 |
| Selecting Outcome Measures | p. 158 |
| Assessing Measures Over Time | p. 160 |
| Notation and General Principles | p. 161 |
| Needs Assessments | p. 163 |
| Formative Evaluations | p. 165 |
| Quality Assurance Studies | p. 167 |
| Summative Evaluation Designs | p. 169 |
| Summative Experimental Designs | p. 173 |
| External Validity | p. 180 |
| inferential Statistics | p. 181 |
| How to Prepare Graphs | p. 183 |
| Ethics of Single System Research Designs | p. 185 |
| How to Critically Review a SSRD | p. 186 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 187 |
| Client Satisfaction | p. 193 |
| The Importance of Monitoring Consumer Satisfaction | p. 193 |
| The Arguments for Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 195 |
| The Problem with Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 196 |
| A Sampling of Recent Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 199 |
| How Do Consistently High Ratings Get Explained? | p. 200 |
| Recommendations for Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 202 |
| Sampling | p. 211 |
| What Are Nonprobability Sampling Designs? | p. 212 |
| What Is Probability (Scientific) Sampling? | p. 216 |
| Considerations in Selecting a Sample | p. 219 |
| How Big Should the Sample Be? | p. 221 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 224 |
| Group Research Design | p. 227 |
| What Are Group Research Designs? | p. 227 |
| Starting an Outcome Evaluation | p. 228 |
| Outcome Evaluation Designs | p. 231 |
| General Principles of Group Research Designs | p. 234 |
| Pre-Experimental Research Designs | p. 235 |
| Quasi-Experimental Research Designs | p. 246 |
| Some Threats to Internal Validity | p. 252 |
| Protection Against Alternative Explanations | p. 257 |
| Experimental Designs | p. 258 |
| Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies | p. 266 |
| What About Negative Outcome Studies? | p. 268 |
| A Note About the Term Experiment | p. 271 |
| Some Newer Developments in Experimental Program Evaluation | p. 272 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 274 |
| Cost-Effectiveness and Cost Analysis | p. 283 |
| Why Consider Cost as an Evaluative Criterion? | p. 283 |
| Example of a Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation | p. 286 |
| How Do I Begin a Cost-Effectiveness Study? | p. 287 |
| Whose Point of View? | p. 290 |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis | p. 292 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 296 |
| Measurement Tools and Strategies | p. 301 |
| Why Is Good Measurement so Important to Evaluation? | p. 301 |
| What Should We Measure? | p. 303 |
| Reliability | p. 306 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Reliability? | p. 307 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Validity? | p. 312 |
| How Do I Find an Instrument for My Evaluation Project? | p. 315 |
| How Does One Construct a "Good" Evaluation Instrument? What Do I Need to Know About Questionnaire Design? | p. 317 |
| What Are Some of the Commons Errors Made in Developing Questionnaires? | p. 320 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Levels of Measurement in Designing Instruments? | p. 327 |
| Selecting the Best Evaluation Measure for Your Project | p. 331 |
| Checklist for Selecting Evaluation Instruments | p. 332 |
| Clinical Anxiety Scale | p. 334 |
| Evaluation Self-Efficacy Scale | p. 336 |
| The Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders (CATSO) Scale | p. 338 |
| Intimate Violence Responsibility Scale (1VRS) | p. 340 |
| The School Support Scale | p. 343 |
| Cultural Sensitivity | p. 346 |
| Pragmatic Issues | p. 351 |
| What Is Treatment Fidelity and Why Is It so Important? | p. 351 |
| Fidelity Nightmares | p. 356 |
| Program Drift and the Transfer of Programs | p. 359 |
| How Might Political Issues Affect a Program Evaluation? | p. 360 |
| The "Threat" of Evaluation | p. 362 |
| Guidelines for Evaluation in Politically Charged Arenas | p. 363 |
| Internal and External Evaluators | p. 367 |
| Culturally Sensitive Evaluation Practice | p. 370 |
| Final Thoughts | p. 374 |
| Writing Evaluation Proposals, Report and Journal Articles | p. 379 |
| Components of the Evaluation Proposal and Report | p. 380 |
| Considerations in Planning and Writing Evaluation Reports and Manuscripts | p. 391 |
| Common Mistakes Made by Students in Writing Evaluation Reports | p. 392 |
| Checklist for Writing and Assessing Evaluation Reports | p. 395 |
| The Utilization of Evaluation Reports | p. 397 |
| Writing for Professional Publication | p. 398 |
| Index | p. 403 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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PROGRAM EVALUATION, 6th Edition helps readers learn how to evaluate services and programs that they will encounter in their professional practice. In the process of learning evaluation techniques and skills, readers will become proficient at critical ...
Read full overview
PROGRAM EVALUATION, 6th Edition helps readers learn how to evaluate services and programs that they will encounter in their professional practice. In the process of learning evaluation techniques and skills, readers will become proficient at critically analyzing evaluation studies conducted by others. The authors present and simplify all the essentials needed for a critical appreciation of evaluation issues and methodology. The book's clear writing style and clear presentation of concepts, as well as its' hands-on and applied focus, will guide readers on how to gather evidence and demonstrate that their interventions and programs are effective in improving clients' lives. This edition's up-to-date coverage includes a greater number of references to current literature, emphasizing that consulting the literature is an important step in recognizing, developing, and evaluating evidence-based practice or research-informed practice.
| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| The Importance of Program Evaluation | p. 1 |
| What Is a Program? | p. 8 |
| Characteristics of "Good" Programs | p. 9 |
| Evidence-Based Practice | p. 12 |
| Program Evaluation Defined | p. 18 |
| Reasons Why Programs Are Evaluated | p. 19 |
| Motivations for Program Evaluation | p. 20 |
| Overcoming the Subjective Perspective | p. 24 |
| Philosophical Assumptions of Program Evaluation | p. 29 |
| More on Positivism | p. 33 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 36 |
| Ethical Issues in Program Evaluation | p. 41 |
| The Role of Institutional Review Boards (IRBS) | p. 42 |
| Ethical Guidelines | p. 42 |
| How Ethical Guidelines Get Operationalized | p. 47 |
| Research with Special Populations | p. 49 |
| Ethical Issues Pertaining to Diverse Cultures and Groups | p. 51 |
| Ethical Boundaries in Participatory and Action Research | p. 52 |
| The Practitioncr-Evaluator's Ethical Responsibilities | p. 56 |
| Concluding Thoughts on Ethics and Evaluation | p. 57 |
| Need Assessment | p. 63 |
| Types of Needs Assessment | p. 65 |
| How Does a Needs Assessment Start? | p. 68 |
| What Are the Steps Involved in Conducting a Needs Assessment? | p. 70 |
| How Do I Select a Needs Assessment Approach? | p. 71 |
| What Do I Need To Know About Surveys? | p. 78 |
| Special Considerations: Converging the Data | p. 81 |
| Thinking Creatively About Needs Assessment | p. 83 |
| What Is a Community Readiness Study? | p. 84 |
| Qualitative and Mixed Methods in Evaluation | p. 93 |
| Introduction | p. 93 |
| What Is "Qualitative Evaluation"? | p. 94 |
| What Is "Mixed Methods Evaluation"? | p. 94 |
| When Is Qualitative Evaluation Useful? When Is Mixed Methods Evaluation the Right Choice? | p. 95 |
| Qualitative Methods and Evaluation of Practitioners In Situ | p. 98 |
| Qualitative Methods Commonly Used in Evaluation Research | p. 99 |
| Qualitative Evaluation | p. 99 |
| Designing a Mixed Methods Evaluation | p. 100 |
| Managing and Organizing Qualitative Data | p. 104 |
| Data Analysis | p. 105 |
| Mixed Methods Data Analysis and Integration | p. 107 |
| Quality Control | p. 108 |
| Writing the Report | p. 110 |
| Dissemination and Advocacy | p. 111 |
| Examples of Qualitative Evaluations | p. 113 |
| What Are Formative and Process Evaluation? | p. 121 |
| How Do I Develop a Logic Model? | p. 122 |
| A Realistic Scenario | p. 125 |
| Formative Evaluation | p. 125 |
| Conducting a Formative Evaluation | p. 126 |
| What Is Process Evaluation? | p. 129 |
| Process Evaluation: Program Description Function | p. 131 |
| Process Evaluation: Program Monitoring | p. 136 |
| Becoming a Program Monitor | p. 136 |
| Mission Statements, Goals, and Objectives | p. 138 |
| Writing Program Objectives | p. 141 |
| What Should Be Monitored? | p. 143 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 146 |
| Total Quality Management | p. 148 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 151 |
| Single System Research Designs | p. 155 |
| What Are Single System Research Designs? | p. 155 |
| Selecting Outcome Measures | p. 158 |
| Assessing Measures Over Time | p. 160 |
| Notation and General Principles | p. 161 |
| Needs Assessments | p. 163 |
| Formative Evaluations | p. 165 |
| Quality Assurance Studies | p. 167 |
| Summative Evaluation Designs | p. 169 |
| Summative Experimental Designs | p. 173 |
| External Validity | p. 180 |
| inferential Statistics | p. 181 |
| How to Prepare Graphs | p. 183 |
| Ethics of Single System Research Designs | p. 185 |
| How to Critically Review a SSRD | p. 186 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 187 |
| Client Satisfaction | p. 193 |
| The Importance of Monitoring Consumer Satisfaction | p. 193 |
| The Arguments for Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 195 |
| The Problem with Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 196 |
| A Sampling of Recent Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 199 |
| How Do Consistently High Ratings Get Explained? | p. 200 |
| Recommendations for Client Satisfaction Studies | p. 202 |
| Sampling | p. 211 |
| What Are Nonprobability Sampling Designs? | p. 212 |
| What Is Probability (Scientific) Sampling? | p. 216 |
| Considerations in Selecting a Sample | p. 219 |
| How Big Should the Sample Be? | p. 221 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 224 |
| Group Research Design | p. 227 |
| What Are Group Research Designs? | p. 227 |
| Starting an Outcome Evaluation | p. 228 |
| Outcome Evaluation Designs | p. 231 |
| General Principles of Group Research Designs | p. 234 |
| Pre-Experimental Research Designs | p. 235 |
| Quasi-Experimental Research Designs | p. 246 |
| Some Threats to Internal Validity | p. 252 |
| Protection Against Alternative Explanations | p. 257 |
| Experimental Designs | p. 258 |
| Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies | p. 266 |
| What About Negative Outcome Studies? | p. 268 |
| A Note About the Term Experiment | p. 271 |
| Some Newer Developments in Experimental Program Evaluation | p. 272 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 274 |
| Cost-Effectiveness and Cost Analysis | p. 283 |
| Why Consider Cost as an Evaluative Criterion? | p. 283 |
| Example of a Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation | p. 286 |
| How Do I Begin a Cost-Effectiveness Study? | p. 287 |
| Whose Point of View? | p. 290 |
| Cost-Benefit Analysis | p. 292 |
| Chapter Recap | p. 296 |
| Measurement Tools and Strategies | p. 301 |
| Why Is Good Measurement so Important to Evaluation? | p. 301 |
| What Should We Measure? | p. 303 |
| Reliability | p. 306 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Reliability? | p. 307 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Validity? | p. 312 |
| How Do I Find an Instrument for My Evaluation Project? | p. 315 |
| How Does One Construct a "Good" Evaluation Instrument? What Do I Need to Know About Questionnaire Design? | p. 317 |
| What Are Some of the Commons Errors Made in Developing Questionnaires? | p. 320 |
| What Do I Need to Know About Levels of Measurement in Designing Instruments? | p. 327 |
| Selecting the Best Evaluation Measure for Your Project | p. 331 |
| Checklist for Selecting Evaluation Instruments | p. 332 |
| Clinical Anxiety Scale | p. 334 |
| Evaluation Self-Efficacy Scale | p. 336 |
| The Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders (CATSO) Scale | p. 338 |
| Intimate Violence Responsibility Scale (1VRS) | p. 340 |
| The School Support Scale | p. 343 |
| Cultural Sensitivity | p. 346 |
| Pragmatic Issues | p. 351 |
| What Is Treatment Fidelity and Why Is It so Important? | p. 351 |
| Fidelity Nightmares | p. 356 |
| Program Drift and the Transfer of Programs | p. 359 |
| How Might Political Issues Affect a Program Evaluation? | p. 360 |
| The "Threat" of Evaluation | p. 362 |
| Guidelines for Evaluation in Politically Charged Arenas | p. 363 |
| Internal and External Evaluators | p. 367 |
| Culturally Sensitive Evaluation Practice | p. 370 |
| Final Thoughts | p. 374 |
| Writing Evaluation Proposals, Report and Journal Articles | p. 379 |
| Components of the Evaluation Proposal and Report | p. 380 |
| Considerations in Planning and Writing Evaluation Reports and Manuscripts | p. 391 |
| Common Mistakes Made by Students in Writing Evaluation Reports | p. 392 |
| Checklist for Writing and Assessing Evaluation Reports | p. 395 |
| The Utilization of Evaluation Reports | p. 397 |
| Writing for Professional Publication | p. 398 |
| Index | p. 403 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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