Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments : An Introduction to Informal Logic

Name: Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments : An Introduction to Informal Logic
Author: Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Robert Fogelin
ISBN: 9781285197364

by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Robert Fogelin

Paperback

Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments : An Introduction to Informal Logic

by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Robert Fogelin

Paperback

Condition

Overview

ADVANGEBOOKS - UNDERSTANDING ARGUMENTS: AN INTRODUCTION TO INFORMAL LOGIC, 9E shows readers how to construct arguments in everyday life, using everyday language. In addition, this easy-to-read textbook also devotes three chapters to the formal aspects of logic including forms of argument, as well as propositional, categorical, and quantificational logic. Plus, this edition helps readers apply informal logic to legal, moral, scientific, religious, and philosophical scenarios, too.

FormatPaperback

LanguageEnglish

PublisherCengage Learning

Publication DateJan. 1st, 2014

Edition9th Edition

ISBN-139781285197364

Dimensions6.10 x 1.06 x 9.17 inches

ISBN-101285197364

Shipping Weight1.65 lbs

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Professional Reviews

"This book is a well-crafted and philosophically-infused work. It gets students engaged with the material and genuinely challenges them to think critically. It works particularly well for courses on critical thinking that are aimed at developing students' skills in quantitative reasoning."

Preface	p. xv
How to Analyze Arguments	p. 1
Uses of Arguments	p. 3
What Arguments Are	p. 3
Justifications	p. 4
Explanations	p. 7
Combinations: An Example	p. 10
The Web of Language	p. 17
Language and Convention	p. 17
Linguistic Acts	p. 19
Speech Acts	p. 22
Performatives	p. 23
Kinds of Speech Acts	p. 26
Conversational Acts	p. 28
Conversational Rules	p. 31
Conversational Implication	p. 33
Rhetorical Devices	p. 36
Summary	p. 38
The Language of Argument	p. 41
Argument Markers	p. 41
If…, then…	p. 43
Arguments in Standard Form	p. 45
A Problem and Some Solutions	p. 47
Assuring	p. 48
Guarding	p. 49
Discounting	p. 51
Evaluative Language	p. 54
The Art of Close Analysis	p. 59
An Extended Example	p. 59
Clerk Hire Allowance, House of Representatives	p. 59
Deep Analysis	p. 79
Getting Down to Basics	p. 79
Clarifying Crucial Terms	p. 83
Dissecting the Argument	p. 83
Arranging Subarguments	p. 85
Some Standards for Evaluating Arguments	p. 90
Validity	p. 91
Truth	p. 93
Soundness	p. 94
Suppressed Premises	p. 96
Contingent Facts	p. 97
Linguistic Principles	p. 99
Evaluative Suppressed Premises	p. 100
Uses and Abuses of Suppressed Premises	p. 100
The Method of Reconstruction	p. 102
An Example of Reconstruction: Capital Punishment	p. 105
How to Evaluate Arguments: Deductive Standards	p. 111
Propositional Logic	p. 113
The Formal Analysis of Arguments	p. 113
Basic Propositional Connectives	p. 114
Conjunction	p. 114
Disjunction	p. 122
Negation	p. 122
Process of Elimination	p. 125
How Truth-Functional Connectives Work	p. 126
Testing for Validity	p. 128
Some Further Connectives	p. 132
Conditionals	p. 134
Truth Tables for Conditionals	p. 136
Logical Language and Everyday Language	p. 142
Other Conditionals in Ordinary Language	p. 145
Categorical Logic	p. 151
Beyond Propositional Logic	p. 151
Categorical Propositions	p. 152
The Four Basic Categorical Forms	p. 154
Translation into the Basic Categorical Forms	p. 156
Contradictories	p. 159
Existential Commitment	p. 161
Validity for Categorical Arguments	p. 162
Categorical Immediate Inferences	p. 164
The Theory of the Syllogism	p. 166
How To Evaluate Arguments: Inductive Standards	p. 177
Arguments to and From Generalizations	p. 179
Induction versus Deduction	p. 179
Statistical Generalizations	p. 183
Should We Accept the Premises?	p. 184
Is the Sample Large Enough?	p. 185
Is the Sample Biased?	p. 186
Is the Sampling Procedure Biased?	p. 187
Statistical Applications	p. 189
Inference to the Best Explanation and from Analogy	p. 195
Inferences to the Best Explanation	p. 195
Which Explanation Is Best?	p. 198
Context Is Crucial	p. 200
Arguments from Analogy	p. 204
Are Analogies Explanations?	p. 207
Causal Reasoning	p. 215
Reasoning About Causes	p. 215
Sufficient Conditions and Necessary Conditions	p. 217
The Sufficient Condition Test	p. 220
The Necessary Condition Test	p. 221
The Joint Test	p. 222
Rigorous Testing	p. 225
Reaching Positive Conclusions	p. 226
Applying These Methods to Find Causes	p. 228
Normality	p. 228
Background Assumptions	p. 229
A Detailed Example	p. 230
Concomitant Variation	p. 234
Chances	p. 239
Some Fallacies of Probability	p. 239
The Gambler's Fallacy	p. 239
Heuristics	p. 241
The Language of Probability	p. 243
A Priori Probability	p. 244
Some Rules of Probability	p. 246
Probabilities of Negations	p. 246
Probabilities of Conjunctions	p. 247
Probabilities of Disjunctions	p. 248
Probabilities in a Series	p. 249
Permutations and Combinations	p. 250
Bayes's Theorem	p. 253
Choices	p. 263
Expected Monetary Value	p. 263
Expected Overall Value	p. 266
Decisions Under Ignorance	p. 268
Fallacies	p. 273
Fallacies of Vagueness	p. 275
Uses of Unclarity	p. 275
Vagueness	p. 276
Heaps	p. 278
Slippery Slopes	p. 280
Conceptual Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 280
Fairness Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 282
Causal Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 285
Fallacies of Ambiguity	p. 291
Ambiguity	p. 291
Equivocation	p. 295
Definitions	p. 299
Fallacies of Relevance	p. 307
Relevance	p. 307
Ad Hominem Arguments	p. 308
Inconsistency	p. 311
Genetic Fallacies	p. 311
Appeals to Authority	p. 314
More Fallacies of Relevance	p. 318
Appeals to Popular Opinion	p. 318
Appeals to Emotion	p. 319
Fallacies of Vacuity	p. 323
Circularity	p. 323
Begging the Question	p. 324
Self-Sealers	p. 328
Refutation	p. 333
What Is Refutation?	p. 333
Counterexamples	p. 334
Reductio Ad Absurdum	p. 337
Straw Men and False Dichotomies	p. 341
Refutation by Parallel Reasoning	p. 343
Areas of Argumentation	p. 351
Legal Reasoning	p. 353
Components of Legal Reasoning	p. 354
Questions of Fact	p. 354
Questions of Law	p. 355
The Law of Discrimination	p. 361
The Equal Protection Clause	p. 361
Applying the Equal Protection Clause	p. 362
The Strict Scrutiny Test	p. 363
The Bakke Case	p. 364
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke	p. 366
Legal Developments Since Bakke	p. 368
Grutter v. Bollinger	p. 369
Gratz v. Bollinger	p. 375
Burden of Proof	p. 381
Moral Reasoning	p. 383
Moral Disagreements	p. 383
The Problem of Abortion	p. 384
The "Pro-Life" Argument	p. 385
"Pro-Choice" Responses	p. 387
Analogical Reasoning in Ethics	p. 392
Weighing Factors	p. 394
"Abortion,"	p. 397
"An Argument that Abortion Is Wrong,"	p. 409
Scientific Reasoning	p. 423
Standard Science	p. 423
Scientific Revolutions	p. 425
"Molecular Machines: Experimental Support for the Design
Inference,"	p. 427
"Living with Darwin,"	p. 440
Religious Reasoning	p. 449
"Five Reasons to Believe in God,"	p. 450
"Seven Deadly Objections to Belief in the Christian God,"	p. 456
Philosophical Reasoning	p. 465
"Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility,"	p. 469
"A Defence of Free Will Skepticism,"	p. 483
Index	p. 495
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

Find at your local library from our friends at WorldCat	Find Libraries

Overview

Product Details

FormatPaperback

LanguageEnglish

PublisherCengage Learning

Publication DateJan. 1st, 2014

Edition9th Edition

ISBN-139781285197364

Dimensions6.10 x 1.06 x 9.17 inches

ISBN-101285197364

Shipping Weight1.65 lbs

Professional Reviews

Preface	p. xv
How to Analyze Arguments	p. 1
Uses of Arguments	p. 3
What Arguments Are	p. 3
Justifications	p. 4
Explanations	p. 7
Combinations: An Example	p. 10
The Web of Language	p. 17
Language and Convention	p. 17
Linguistic Acts	p. 19
Speech Acts	p. 22
Performatives	p. 23
Kinds of Speech Acts	p. 26
Conversational Acts	p. 28
Conversational Rules	p. 31
Conversational Implication	p. 33
Rhetorical Devices	p. 36
Summary	p. 38
The Language of Argument	p. 41
Argument Markers	p. 41
If…, then…	p. 43
Arguments in Standard Form	p. 45
A Problem and Some Solutions	p. 47
Assuring	p. 48
Guarding	p. 49
Discounting	p. 51
Evaluative Language	p. 54
The Art of Close Analysis	p. 59
An Extended Example	p. 59
Clerk Hire Allowance, House of Representatives	p. 59
Deep Analysis	p. 79
Getting Down to Basics	p. 79
Clarifying Crucial Terms	p. 83
Dissecting the Argument	p. 83
Arranging Subarguments	p. 85
Some Standards for Evaluating Arguments	p. 90
Validity	p. 91
Truth	p. 93
Soundness	p. 94
Suppressed Premises	p. 96
Contingent Facts	p. 97
Linguistic Principles	p. 99
Evaluative Suppressed Premises	p. 100
Uses and Abuses of Suppressed Premises	p. 100
The Method of Reconstruction	p. 102
An Example of Reconstruction: Capital Punishment	p. 105
How to Evaluate Arguments: Deductive Standards	p. 111
Propositional Logic	p. 113
The Formal Analysis of Arguments	p. 113
Basic Propositional Connectives	p. 114
Conjunction	p. 114
Disjunction	p. 122
Negation	p. 122
Process of Elimination	p. 125
How Truth-Functional Connectives Work	p. 126
Testing for Validity	p. 128
Some Further Connectives	p. 132
Conditionals	p. 134
Truth Tables for Conditionals	p. 136
Logical Language and Everyday Language	p. 142
Other Conditionals in Ordinary Language	p. 145
Categorical Logic	p. 151
Beyond Propositional Logic	p. 151
Categorical Propositions	p. 152
The Four Basic Categorical Forms	p. 154
Translation into the Basic Categorical Forms	p. 156
Contradictories	p. 159
Existential Commitment	p. 161
Validity for Categorical Arguments	p. 162
Categorical Immediate Inferences	p. 164
The Theory of the Syllogism	p. 166
How To Evaluate Arguments: Inductive Standards	p. 177
Arguments to and From Generalizations	p. 179
Induction versus Deduction	p. 179
Statistical Generalizations	p. 183
Should We Accept the Premises?	p. 184
Is the Sample Large Enough?	p. 185
Is the Sample Biased?	p. 186
Is the Sampling Procedure Biased?	p. 187
Statistical Applications	p. 189
Inference to the Best Explanation and from Analogy	p. 195
Inferences to the Best Explanation	p. 195
Which Explanation Is Best?	p. 198
Context Is Crucial	p. 200
Arguments from Analogy	p. 204
Are Analogies Explanations?	p. 207
Causal Reasoning	p. 215
Reasoning About Causes	p. 215
Sufficient Conditions and Necessary Conditions	p. 217
The Sufficient Condition Test	p. 220
The Necessary Condition Test	p. 221
The Joint Test	p. 222
Rigorous Testing	p. 225
Reaching Positive Conclusions	p. 226
Applying These Methods to Find Causes	p. 228
Normality	p. 228
Background Assumptions	p. 229
A Detailed Example	p. 230
Concomitant Variation	p. 234
Chances	p. 239
Some Fallacies of Probability	p. 239
The Gambler's Fallacy	p. 239
Heuristics	p. 241
The Language of Probability	p. 243
A Priori Probability	p. 244
Some Rules of Probability	p. 246
Probabilities of Negations	p. 246
Probabilities of Conjunctions	p. 247
Probabilities of Disjunctions	p. 248
Probabilities in a Series	p. 249
Permutations and Combinations	p. 250
Bayes's Theorem	p. 253
Choices	p. 263
Expected Monetary Value	p. 263
Expected Overall Value	p. 266
Decisions Under Ignorance	p. 268
Fallacies	p. 273
Fallacies of Vagueness	p. 275
Uses of Unclarity	p. 275
Vagueness	p. 276
Heaps	p. 278
Slippery Slopes	p. 280
Conceptual Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 280
Fairness Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 282
Causal Slippery-Slope Arguments	p. 285
Fallacies of Ambiguity	p. 291
Ambiguity	p. 291
Equivocation	p. 295
Definitions	p. 299
Fallacies of Relevance	p. 307
Relevance	p. 307
Ad Hominem Arguments	p. 308
Inconsistency	p. 311
Genetic Fallacies	p. 311
Appeals to Authority	p. 314
More Fallacies of Relevance	p. 318
Appeals to Popular Opinion	p. 318
Appeals to Emotion	p. 319
Fallacies of Vacuity	p. 323
Circularity	p. 323
Begging the Question	p. 324
Self-Sealers	p. 328
Refutation	p. 333
What Is Refutation?	p. 333
Counterexamples	p. 334
Reductio Ad Absurdum	p. 337
Straw Men and False Dichotomies	p. 341
Refutation by Parallel Reasoning	p. 343
Areas of Argumentation	p. 351
Legal Reasoning	p. 353
Components of Legal Reasoning	p. 354
Questions of Fact	p. 354
Questions of Law	p. 355
The Law of Discrimination	p. 361
The Equal Protection Clause	p. 361
Applying the Equal Protection Clause	p. 362
The Strict Scrutiny Test	p. 363
The Bakke Case	p. 364
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke	p. 366
Legal Developments Since Bakke	p. 368
Grutter v. Bollinger	p. 369
Gratz v. Bollinger	p. 375
Burden of Proof	p. 381
Moral Reasoning	p. 383
Moral Disagreements	p. 383
The Problem of Abortion	p. 384
The "Pro-Life" Argument	p. 385
"Pro-Choice" Responses	p. 387
Analogical Reasoning in Ethics	p. 392
Weighing Factors	p. 394
"Abortion,"	p. 397
"An Argument that Abortion Is Wrong,"	p. 409
Scientific Reasoning	p. 423
Standard Science	p. 423
Scientific Revolutions	p. 425
"Molecular Machines: Experimental Support for the Design
Inference,"	p. 427
"Living with Darwin,"	p. 440
Religious Reasoning	p. 449
"Five Reasons to Believe in God,"	p. 450
"Seven Deadly Objections to Belief in the Christian God,"	p. 456
Philosophical Reasoning	p. 465
"Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility,"	p. 469
"A Defence of Free Will Skepticism,"	p. 483
Index	p. 495
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments : An Introduction to Informal Logic

Paperback

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Cengage Advantage Books: Understanding Arguments : An Introduction to Informal Logic

Paperback

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Table Of Contents

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Professional Reviews

Table Of Contents

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