Men as Women, Women as Men : Changing Gender in Native American Cultures
Mass Market Paperbound
Men as Women, Women as Men : Changing Gender in Native American Cultures
Mass Market Paperbound
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Overview
As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of
"gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in
"berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attempts to find current role models in these historical figures sometimes distort and oversimplify the historical realities. This book provides an objective, comprehensive study of Native American women-men and men-women across many tribal cultures and an extended time span. Sabine Lang explores such topics as their religious and secular roles; the relation of the roles of women-men and men-women to the roles of women and men in their respective societies; the ways in which gender-role change was carried out, legitimized, and explained in Native American cultures; the widely differing attitudes toward women-men and men-women in tribal cultures; and the role of these figures in Native mythology. Lang's findings challenge the apparent gender equality of the
"berdache" institution, as well as the supposed universality of concepts such as homosexuality.
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Table Of Contents
| List of Maps, Tables, and Figures | p. viii |
| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction, Background, and Definitions | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Early Sources: Missionaries and Traders, Physicians and Ethnologists | p. 17 |
| Twentieth-Century Research | p. 26 |
| Gender Identity, Gender Role, and Gender Status | p. 47 |
| Gender Role Change by Males | p. 57 |
| Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles | p. 59 |
| Cross-Dressing and the Feminine Gender Role | p. 91 |
| Feminine Activities Without Cross-Dressing | p. 110 |
| The Imitation of "Femininity" and Intersexuality | p. 128 |
| Women-Men as "Shamans," Medicine Persons, and Healers | p. 151 |
| Other Specialized Occupations of Women-Men | p. 169 |
| Partner Relationships and Sexuality | p. 185 |
| Entrance into the Status of Woman-Man | p. 218 |
| Women-Men in Native American Cultures: Ideology and Reality | p. 241 |
| Gender Role Change by Females | p. 259 |
| Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles | p. 261 |
| Men-Women in Masculine Occupations | p. 268 |
| Status, Relationships, and Entrance Rituals of Men-Women | p. 286 |
| Warrior Women and Manly-Hearted Women | p. 303 |
| The Cultural Context of Gender Role Change | p. 309 |
| Attitudes Toward Women-Men and Men-Women | p. 311 |
| Gender Role Change and Homosexuality | p. 323 |
| Gender Role Change in Native American Oral Traditions | p. 331 |
| Conclusion | p. 342 |
| References | p. 355 |
| Index | p. 380 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
| Find at your local library from our friends at WorldCat | Find Libraries |
Overview
As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of"gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in"berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attemp ...
Read full overview
Overview
As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of
"gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in
"berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attempts to find current role models in these historical figures sometimes distort and oversimplify the historical realities. This book provides an objective, comprehensive study of Native American women-men and men-women across many tribal cultures and an extended time span. Sabine Lang explores such topics as their religious and secular roles; the relation of the roles of women-men and men-women to the roles of women and men in their respective societies; the ways in which gender-role change was carried out, legitimized, and explained in Native American cultures; the widely differing attitudes toward women-men and men-women in tribal cultures; and the role of these figures in Native mythology. Lang's findings challenge the apparent gender equality of the
"berdache" institution, as well as the supposed universality of concepts such as homosexuality.
Product Details
Table Of Contents
| List of Maps, Tables, and Figures | p. viii |
| Preface | p. xi |
| Introduction, Background, and Definitions | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 3 |
| Early Sources: Missionaries and Traders, Physicians and Ethnologists | p. 17 |
| Twentieth-Century Research | p. 26 |
| Gender Identity, Gender Role, and Gender Status | p. 47 |
| Gender Role Change by Males | p. 57 |
| Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles | p. 59 |
| Cross-Dressing and the Feminine Gender Role | p. 91 |
| Feminine Activities Without Cross-Dressing | p. 110 |
| The Imitation of "Femininity" and Intersexuality | p. 128 |
| Women-Men as "Shamans," Medicine Persons, and Healers | p. 151 |
| Other Specialized Occupations of Women-Men | p. 169 |
| Partner Relationships and Sexuality | p. 185 |
| Entrance into the Status of Woman-Man | p. 218 |
| Women-Men in Native American Cultures: Ideology and Reality | p. 241 |
| Gender Role Change by Females | p. 259 |
| Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles | p. 261 |
| Men-Women in Masculine Occupations | p. 268 |
| Status, Relationships, and Entrance Rituals of Men-Women | p. 286 |
| Warrior Women and Manly-Hearted Women | p. 303 |
| The Cultural Context of Gender Role Change | p. 309 |
| Attitudes Toward Women-Men and Men-Women | p. 311 |
| Gender Role Change and Homosexuality | p. 323 |
| Gender Role Change in Native American Oral Traditions | p. 331 |
| Conclusion | p. 342 |
| References | p. 355 |
| Index | p. 380 |
| Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
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