Preface | xv |
Acknowledgments | xvii |
Book Overview and Key Concepts | 1 |
Introduction | 3 |
The Metaverse is Closer than We Might Think | 3 |
More to Come | 4 |
The Metaverse: An Overview | 5 |
No Consensus Definition | 5 |
Two Important Attributes | 6 |
Current Status of the Metaverse | 6 |
Not Without Its Challenges | 8 |
History of Changing User Relationships to Technology: From Remote to Immersive | 9 |
The Power of Technological Convergence and Synthesis | 12 |
An Important New Phase of the Digital Age | 12 |
Enterprise Transformations in the Metaverse Era | 15 |
Enterprise Digital Transformations Have a Poor Record of Success | 17 |
Timing is Vital | 19 |
Increased Nimbleness at All Organizational Levels | 19 |
The Pivotal Role of a New-Era Enterprise Architecture | 20 |
How This Book Can Help | 21 |
Key Takeaways | 22 |
References | 22 |
Structure Of The Book And Key Definitions | 25 |
Important Definitions and Concepts | 26 |
Board of Directors | 28 |
Executive Management or C-Suite | 29 |
Enterprise Architecture (EA) | 29 |
"Nimble" Enterprise | 31 |
Key Takeaways | 33 |
Background and Context | 35 |
Evolution of IT Governance Frameworks | 37 |
Introduction | 37 |
The Early Days of Computing | 38 |
Gaming Control of Computer Proliferation | 40 |
Existing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks and Tools | 42 |
Suggested Approach to Enterprise Architecture | 44 |
Key Takeaways | 45 |
References | 45 |
Slow Responses To Disruptive Technologies | 47 |
Tech Industry - A History Defined by Eras | 48 |
Digging Deeper: Innovation Diffusion and Chasm Crossing | 51 |
Focus on One Industry: Healthcare | 55 |
Accelerating Technology Acceptance | 56 |
Ensure Familiarity with the Incoming Wave | 57 |
Build a Coalition | 55 |
Find Attractive Use Cases | 58 |
Declare Yourself Competent and Then Become So | 59 |
Key Takeaways | 60 |
References | 61 |
Nimbleness In The Animal Kingdom | 63 |
Raw, Primal, Physical Nimbleness - The Gazelle | 63 |
Subtle Nimbleness - The Chameleon (and Reverse Chameleon) | 65 |
Blending In (Less Common) | 65 |
Reverse Chameleon Effect (More Common) | 66 |
Key Takeaways | 68 |
Key Technologies That Will Enable Organizational Nimbleness in the Metaverse Era | 69 |
Prelude to Part 3 | 69 |
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning | 73 |
Introduction | 73 |
The Growing Importance of AI in Business | 73 |
ChatGPT as an Al Example | 74 |
What is Artificial Intelligence? | 75 |
What is Machine Learning? | 76 |
Machine Learning in History | 76 |
Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning | 77 |
AI and Software Development in the Metaverse | 78 |
AI and the Singularity | 79 |
AI / ML - Cost Considerations and AIaaS | 80 |
The Time to Act is Now | 81 |
Key Takeaways | 82 |
References | 83 |
Blockchain | 85 |
Blockchain and Smoother Enterprise Information Flow | 85 |
What is Blockchain? | 85 |
Different Kinds of Blockchains | 86 |
Traditional Databases versus Blockchain | 87 |
Other Uses of Blockchain | 89 |
Blockchain and Cybersecurity | 90 |
An Example of Blockchain Use in the Enterprise | 91 |
Key Takeaways | 92 |
References | 93 |
Platforms | 95 |
Introduction | 95 |
Discussion of Business Platforms | 95 |
Platform as a Business Model | 96 |
The Internal Organizational Platform Model | 100 |
Platforms and Deep Tech | 102 |
Summary | 102 |
Key Takeaways | 103 |
References | 103 |
Algorithms | 105 |
Introduction | 105 |
An Essential Competitive Requirement | 106 |
Background and Overview | 107 |
Algorithms are Myopic and Literal | 108 |
Special Note on Algorithms and Quantum Computing | 109 |
Developing and Managing Algorithms in the Enterprise | 110 |
Impact of Algorithms on Structure, Employees, and Staffing | 110 |
Transforming the Production Worker | 113 |
Key Takeaways | 113 |
References | 114 |
Edge Computing | 115 |
Introduction | 115 |
What is Edge Computing? | 116 |
Setting Up an Edge Computing Solution | 119 |
Define Edge Computing Objectives | 119 |
Assess Edge Design and Deployment Options | 119 |
Key Takeaways | 121 |
References | 121 |
Quantum Computing | 123 |
Introduction | 123 |
Importance to Metaverse Transformation | 123 |
What is Quantum Computing? | 124 |
The Science Behind Quantum Computing | 125 |
Superposition | 125 |
Entanglement | 127 |
Implications for Organizations | 127 |
Do Production Quantum Computers Currently Exist? | 128 |
Current and Potential Applications of Quantum Computing | 129 |
Quantum Computing and Security Issues | 129 |
Key Takeaways | 130 |
References | 130 |
Immersive Technologies (VR, AR, MR, and XR) | 133 |
Definitions | 133 |
Augmented Reality | 133 |
Virtual Reality | 134 |
Mixed Reality | 134 |
Extended Reality | 134 |
Convergence of Immersive Technologies | 134 |
Focusing on VR and AR | 136 |
How VR is Currently Being Used in Business | 136 |
How AR is Being Used in Business | 137 |
How to Get Started with AR/VR | 138 |
Key Takeaways | 139 |
References | 140 |
Holographic Technologies | 141 |
Introduction | 141 |
Background | 141 |
How Holographic Technologies Work | 142 |
A Note on Avatars | 142 |
Examples of Hologram Use Cases | 143 |
Communications | 143 |
Museums | 143 |
Military Applications | 144 |
Information Storage | 144 |
Medical Applications | 144 |
Fraud and Security | 145 |
Art | 145 |
3D Holograms in Real Time? | 145 |
Key Takeaways | 146 |
References | 146 |
Deep Tech | 149 |
Introduction | 149 |
Deep Tech Overview | 151 |
Not a New Concept | 151 |
Comparison With "Shallow" Tech Organizations | 151 |
Deep Tech Attributes Traditional Firms Should Emulate | 153 |
Transformation Strategy Recommendation: Align With a Deep Tech Organization | 154 |
Key Takeaways | 156 |
Other Metaverse-Related Technologies | 157 |
Robotics | 157 |
Digital Twins | 158 |
The Internet of Things | 159 |
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) | 160 |
3D Reconstruction | 161 |
Spatial Computing | 162 |
Web 3.0 | 163 |
Industry 4.0 / Industrial Revolution 4.0 | 164 |
Key Takeaways | 166 |
References | 166 |
Putting It All Together | 167 |
Organizational Structure for the Metaverse Era | 169 |
Introduction | 169 |
Alternative Organizational Structures | 171 |
Key Takeaways | 179 |
References | 180 |
Governance Framework for the Metaverse Era | 181 |
Introduction | 181 |
Governance Zones of Responsibility | 182 |
Overall Enterprise Governance | 183 |
Strong Governance in a Nimble, Networked Organization? | 183 |
Summary Notes on General Governance | 186 |
Technology Governance | 188 |
Sample IT Governance Charter | 188 |
Technology Governance Philosophy - One Size Does Not Fit All | 190 |
Empowered Technology Governance in Action: An Example | 194 |
Key Takeaways | 196 |
Enterprise Architecture (EA) | 197 |
Enterprise Architecture Layers are Interdependent | 199 |
Mission and Vision Layer | 201 |
Business Strategy Layer | 201 |
Information Flow Layer | 202 |
Data Architecture Layer | 203 |
Application Architecture Layer | 203 |
Technology Architecture Layer | 205 |
Security Architecture Layer | 206 |
Metaverse Technologies Layer | 207 |
Special Consideration - SaaS | 207 |
Example of Enterprise Architecture Use by an Organizational Unit | 207 |
Discussion | 211 |
Key Takeaways | 211 |
Infusing Nimbleness into the Enterprise Architecture | 213 |
Nimbleness Infusion at Important Organizational Layers | 213 |
Infusing Nimbleness at the Working Level | 214 |
Infusing Nimbleness at the Middle Level | 214 |
Infusing Nimbleness at the Top Level | 215 |
Infusing Nimbleness into Enterprise Architecture Layers | 216 |
Mission and Vision Layer | 216 |
Business Strategy Layer | 219 |
Information Flow Layer | 220 |
Data Architecture Layer | 221 |
Application Architecture Layer | 222 |
Technology Architecture Layer | 223 |
Security Architecture Layer | 224 |
Metaverse Technologies Layer | 225 |
Key Takeaways | 225 |
Central IT and the Metaverse Enterprise | 227 |
Introduction | 227 |
Background and Context - A Look Back | 229 |
The Historic "Toss it Over the Wall" Issue | 229 |
Shadow IT and "Departmental Cowboys" | 231 |
Gaining Control Over the Problem Created by Shadow IT | 231 |
Why the General Concept of Central IT Should Not Be Abandoned | 232 |
New Roles for Central IT | 233 |
Moving Central IT Services into the Metaverse Era | 234 |
Key Takeaways | 236 |
Conclusion And Path Forward | 239 |
Introduction | 239 |
Phasing the Transformation | 241 |
Step 1 - Infuse Knowledge of the Metaverse at the Highest Enterprise Levels to Gain Support for Possible Transformation. | 243 |
Step 2 - Obtain Backing from the Board of Directors. | 244 |
Step 3 - Perform Due Diligence and Make the Decision. | 244 |
Step 4 - Establish Transformation Phase One Strategies and Goals. | 245 |
Step 5 - Assign a Respected, Credible Team. | 251 |
Step 6 - Launch the Transformation, | 252 |
Step 7 - Continue the Effort Through Phases 2 and 3. | 252 |
Importance of "In the Zone" Leadership for Transformation | 253 |
Key Takeaways | 255 |
Case Study in Transforming to the Metaverse | 257 |
Introduction | 257 |
The Metaverse Transformation of Genesis Star Technologies | 257 |
Company Profile | 257 |
Realizing a Change in Direction is Essential | 258 |
Gaining Support from the Board of Directors | 259 |
Reviewing Progress | 262 |
Initial Transformation Launch Plan (Phase One) | 263 |
The Timeline | 268 |
Results After Six Months | 268 |
Phase 2 Launch | 270 |
Results After Two Years | 272 |
A Moment of Reflection | 273 |
Concluding Thoughts on the Case Study | 273 |
Making the Right Moves | 274 |
A Fair Question | 276 |
The Risks of Doing Nothing | 277 |
Don't Get Blindsided | 278 |
Index | 279 |
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