| General Introduction | |
| Nicolaus Copernicus: The Loss of Centrality | |
| Ptolemy and Copernicus | |
| A Clash of two Worldviews | |
| The Geocentric Worldview | |
| Aristotle’s Cosmology | |
| Ptolemy’s Geocentrism | |
| A Philosophical Aside: Outlook | |
| Some Medieval Developments | |
| The Heliocentric Worldview | |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | |
| The Explanation of the Seasons | |
| Copernicus and the Copernican Turn | |
| A Philosophical Aside: from empirical adequacy to theoretical validity | |
| Copernicus Consolidated: Kepler and Galileo | |
| Copernicus was not a Scientific Revolutionary | |
| The Copernican Method | |
| 2 The Relativity of Motion | |
| The Transition to Newton | |
| On Hypotheses | |
| Some Philosophical Lessons | |
| The Loss of Centrality | |
| Was Copernicus a Realist? | |
| Lessons for Instrumentalism and Realism | |
| Modern Realism | |
| The Underdetermination of Theories by Evidence | |
| The Duhem-Quine Thesis | |
| The Power of Constraints | |
| Theories, Models and Laws | |
| Theories and Models | |
| Laws of Nature, Laws of Science | |
| Philosophical Views of Laws | |
| The Inference View | |
| The Regularity View | |
| The Necessitarian View | |
| The Structural View | |
| Copernicus and Scientific Revolutions | |
| The Anthropic Principle: A Reversal of the Copernican Turn? | |
| Reading List | |
| Essay Questions | |
| Charles Darwin: The Loss of Rational Design | |
| Darwin and Copernicus | |
| Views of Organic Life | |
| Views of Life before Darwin | |
| The Great Chain of Being | |
| Design Arguments | |
| Lamarck: progressive evolution | |
| Fossil Discoveries | |
| Of Bones and Skeletons | |
| The Antiquity of Man | |
| Darwin’s Revolution | |
| The Darwinian View of Life | |
| Principles of Evolution | |
| The Descent of Man | |
| Philosophical Matters | |
| Philosophical Presuppositions: mechanical worldview, determinism, materialism | |
| From Biology to the Philosophy of Mind | |
| Empiricism | |
| Philosophy of Mind | |
| Emergent Minds | |
| The Loss of Rational Design | |
| Intelligent Design | |
| A Question of Method | |
| Darwinian Inferences | |
| Philosophical Empiricism | |
| Some Principles of Elimination | |
| Essential Features of Eliminative Inductivism | |
| Falsifiability or Testability? | |
| Explanation and Prediction | |
| Some Models of Explanation – Functional Model, Causal Model, Structural Model | |
| Hempel’s Model | |
| Functional Models | |
| Causal Models | |
| A Counterfactual-interventionist Account | |
| Mackie’s INUS Account | |
| A Conditional View of Causality | |
| Structural Explanations | |
| A Brief Return to Realism | |
| Darwin and Scientific Revolutions | |
| Philosophical Consequences | |
| Reading List | |
| Essay Questions | |
| Freud: The Loss of Transparency | |
| Copernicus, Darwin and Freud | |
| Some Views of Humankind | |
| Enlightenment Vie | |
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