Preface | p. 11 |
The Nature of International Economics | p. 15 |
Globalization | p. 16 |
International Economics in Daily Life | p. 18 |
The Growth of Economic Interdependence | p. 24 |
Statistics with Some Grains of Salt | p. 31 |
Looking Forward | p. 39 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 39 |
Notes | p. 40 |
International Trade | |
The Theory of Comparative Advantage | p. 43 |
The Gains from Trade in General Equilibrium | p. 46 |
The Gains from Trade in Partial Equilibrium | p. 61 |
Relaxing the Assumptions | p. 64 |
Conclusion | p. 72 |
Offer Curves | p. 73 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 76 |
Notes | p. 78 |
The Sources of Comparative Advantage | p. 79 |
Factor Proportions: The Heckscher-Ohlin Model | p. 80 |
Two Challenges to the Heckscher-Ohlin Model | p. 88 |
Why Trade Arises among Similar Countries | p. 98 |
Segmented Markets as an Explanation for Trade | p. 110 |
What Could Trigger the Direction of Specialization? | p. 120 |
Dislocation and Intraindustrial Trade | p. 129 |
Conclusion | p. 130 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 130 |
Notes | p. 132 |
Tariffs, Quotas, and VERs | p. 137 |
Tariffs | p. 138 |
Analysis of Tariffs: Their Effects | p. 145 |
Quotas and Their Economic Effects | p. 163 |
Voluntary Export Restraints | p. 173 |
The Terms-of-Trade Effect in General Equilibrium | p. 180 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 182 |
Notes | p. 183 |
The Face of Modern Protectionism | p. 187 |
Subsidy and Tax Issues | p. 188 |
Administrative Protection | p. 196 |
Technical, Health, Safety, and Environmental Standards | p. 203 |
How Can Distortions To Trade Be Compared? | p. 216 |
Playing the Protectionist Instruments | p. 218 |
Conclusion | p. 234 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 235 |
Notes | p. 236 |
The Political Economy of Trade Barriers | p. 241 |
A Short History of Trade Policy | p. 242 |
The Uruguary Round and the World Trade Organization | p. 253 |
Why Do Countries Persist in Protectionism? | p. 266 |
The Arguments for Trade Barriers | p. 270 |
Conclusion | p. 292 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 292 |
Notes | p. 294 |
Unfair Trade Practices | p. 299 |
Dumping | p. 301 |
Subsidies | p. 320 |
Other Unfair Trade Practices | p. 327 |
Conclusion | p. 332 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 333 |
Notes | p. 334 |
National Trade Policies | p. 339 |
Managed Trade | p. 340 |
Strategic Trade Policy | p. 342 |
Japanese Use of a National Trade Strategy | p. 356 |
Adjusting to Trade as a National Strategy | p. 366 |
Trade Sanctions | p. 374 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 383 |
Notes | p. 384 |
Economic Integration | p. 391 |
The Types of Economic Integration | p. 392 |
The Great Debate: Trade Creation or Trade Diversion | p. 395 |
Dynamic Effects of Economic Integration | p. 401 |
A Checklist of Conditions for Welfare Improvement | p. 404 |
The Major Examples of Economic Integration | p. 405 |
Very Large Ptas | p. 427 |
Ptas with a Rich Patron | p. 430 |
Regional Trade Arrangements in the LDCs | p. 434 |
Foreign Trade Zones: Little Bits of Free Trade | p. 437 |
Conclusion | p. 440 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 441 |
Notes | p. 442 |
International Macroeconomics: Saving, Growth, and Finance | |
Saving, Investment, and the Trade Balance | p. 451 |
How Can Countries Have Trade Imbalances? | p. 452 |
The Three Real Imbalances: Imports-Exports, Saving-Investment, and Output-Absorption | p. 454 |
Financial Markets: Borrowing and Lending | p. 465 |
Trade Imbalances as Problems and Symptoms | p. 469 |
Total Investment Equals Total Saving | p. 479 |
The International Capital Market and National Saving | p. 479 |
Government Saving and Trade Deficits: The Twin Deficit Question | p. 480 |
Private Saving | p. 484 |
Conclusion | p. 487 |
Where to Find the Numbers | p. 488 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 489 |
Notes | p. 491 |
The Balance of Payments | p. 493 |
Why Study the Balance of Payments? | p. 493 |
What a Balance-of-Payments Statement Shows | p. 494 |
Balance-of-Payments Accounting | p. 494 |
The Structure of the Balance of Payments | p. 497 |
Using Balance-of-Payments Statements as Analytical Tools | p. 505 |
The World Deficit | p. 515 |
Conclusion | p. 517 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 518 |
Notes | p. 519 |
Income and Price Effects | p. 521 |
Income and Price Changes | p. 522 |
Income Effects | p. 529 |
Some International Implications | p. 533 |
Price and Income: Two Intriguing Cases | p. 540 |
Conclusion | p. 544 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 545 |
Notes | p. 546 |
Interest Rates, Prices, and Foreign Exchange | p. 547 |
The Foreign Exchange Market | p. 548 |
The Vast Sums Traded | p. 557 |
Interest Rate Parity | p. 558 |
The Longer Run: Price Levels and Purchasing Power Parity | p. 561 |
International and Domestic Financial Markets | p. 566 |
Conclusion | p. 575 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 576 |
Notes | p. 577 |
Money in the Global Economy | p. 579 |
Three Ways of Looking at Money's Relation to Real Output | p. 580 |
Modeling the Effects of the Money Supply | p. 583 |
Markets for Funds and Markets for Liquidity | p. 584 |
Monetary Policy | p. 585 |
National Money Supplies and Global Flows | p. 585 |
The Role of Money in Correcting Serious Balance-of-Payments Difficulties | p. 592 |
The Problem of Large Capital Flows | p. 597 |
Monetary and Fiscal Policy Together | p. 602 |
Conclusion | p. 607 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 607 |
Notes | p. 609 |
Exchange Rate Adjustment | p. 611 |
What Countries Really Do | p. 612 |
The Role of the Exchange Rate in Adjusting to Payments Difficulties | p. 614 |
Exchange Control | p. 629 |
The Once-and-for-all Devaluation after Great Inflation | p. 631 |
Revaluation (Upward Valuation) | p. 633 |
Price Sensitivity: What Happens When Price Effects Work Slowly | p. 634 |
Exchange Rate Changes and the EXIN Model | p. 640 |
Conclusion | p. 642 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 642 |
Notes | p. 644 |
International Financial Markets | p. 645 |
The Functions of Financial Markets | p. 645 |
The Advantages of Large Markets | p. 647 |
An Overview of the International Markets | p. 649 |
Eurodollars, T-accounts, and Monetary Expansion | p. 654 |
Derivative and Swap Markets | p. 655 |
Continuing Changes in the International Capital Market | p. 668 |
Implications of the Changes | p. 671 |
Conclusion | p. 673 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 673 |
Notes | p. 675 |
International Monetary Institutions (I) | p. 677 |
The International System under the Gold Standard | p. 678 |
The 1920s: Pegged Exchange Rates | p. 685 |
The Great Depression | p. 691 |
The Bretton Woods System: 1947-1973 | p. 691 |
Reserve Currencies | p. 700 |
Special Drawing Rights | p. 701 |
Borrowing: Swap Lines | p. 704 |
The End of the Bretton Woods System | p. 704 |
The Bretton Woods System: An Assessment | p. 705 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 706 |
Notes | p. 708 |
International Monetary Institutions (II) | p. 709 |
The Oil Crises | p. 710 |
Floating Exchange Rates | p. 713 |
The Debt Crises | p. 717 |
Currencies and Governments: How Many Currencies? | p. 741 |
Deja Vu All Over Again | p. 748 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 750 |
Notes | p. 751 |
Multinational Firms, Foreign Direct Investment, and Globalization | p. 753 |
Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Firm | p. 754 |
FDI in Recent Years | p. 757 |
The Theory of Foreign Direct Investment | p. 762 |
Possible Reasons for the Recent Increase in FDI | p. 771 |
Extent of the Firm's Freedom from Market Constraints | p. 772 |
Issues MNFs Raise | p. 774 |
Conclusion | p. 777 |
Vocabulary and Concepts / Questions | p. 778 |
Notes | p. 779 |
Index | p. 781 |
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